At the second step, the influences of the number of the cylindrical cathodes have been investigated. Because of its high xray yield, plasma focus appears to be a promising device for xray generation with enhanced efficiency. Prospects for p b fusion with the dense plasma focus. Experimental results on the irradiation of nuclear fusion. A dpf device provides intense bursts of electrons and ion beams, xrays, and 2. Variation of radiation emission with argon gas pressure in. The conic hollow anode geometry is predicted to give the best yield. Dense plasma focus project gutenberg selfpublishing. Pulsed current discharges through gas 100 ma deuterium gas is injected hypersonically into chamber. Design of zpinch and dense plasma focus powered vehicles. The effects of ferrites on dense plasma focus device. The dense plasma focus dpf device has long been known to be an efficient source of neutrons from fusion reactions and of mevenergy ion and electron beams. The dpf device has always been in the company of several alternative magnetic fusion devices as it produces intense.
Each diode of dxs is reverse biased to 45 v and is connected to the oscilloscope through a resistor capacitor combination. Fusion and applications which showed 500 repeated firings of a dense plasma focus dpf device ht culled from links at which collected this and other relevant research. This paper deals with the design of a dense plasma focus device as an engineering project. Recently, there has been intense interest in small dense plasma focus dpf devices for use as pulsed neutron and xray sources. Ultimately, for enhancing the current sheath dynamics. The dense plasma focus, or dpf machines at the nnss are currently the largest and most powerful of their kind in the world. Design and construction of a dense plasma focus device dtic. Pdf images of the dense plasma focus phenomenon in the 2.
The model was also used to optimize yield with respect to driver impedance, anode length, and operating pressure. Rawat, synthesis of nanocrystalline zirconium aluminium oxynitride zralon composite films by dense plasma focus device, applied surface science 25512 626140 2009. The outer electrode is generally no more than 67 inches in diameter and a foot long. Therefore, the central electrode is connected to a.
In this paper, we summarize the fabrication of iiiv semiconductor nanostructures using the high fluence material ions produced by hot, dense and extremely nonequilibrium plasma generated in a modified dpf device. The dense plasma focus device consists of two cylindrical metal electrodes nested inside each other. Essentially this approach can be summarized as follows. Aug 14, 2009 the dense plasma focus dpf has been studied as a possible solution to the problem of instabilities. In this device, natural plasma instabilities are used to create confinement in a dense plasmoid, rather than being minimized as in other fusion devices. Ultraspeed images of visible light emitted by dense plasma focus discharges of the plasma autoconfined paco device are presented.
Jan 21, 2019 the lee mode code has been promoted for better simulation of the dense plasma focus dpf device. Pdf operation of nx2 dense plasma focus device with. Dense plasma focus dpf devices are pulsed power devices capable of producing shortlived, hot and dense plasmas 10 cm through a fast compression of plasma sheath. Representative moments, from the very initial stage to the. The electromagnetic compression of the plasma is called a pinch. The potential of the dense plasma focus dpf for industrial applications in. Study of dense plasma surface interaction by a filippov type plasma focus device.
Pdf study of dense plasmasurface interaction by a filippov. Pdf dense plasma focus from alternative fusion source to. It also produces dense concentrations of hot plasma, or plasmoids. Dense plasma focus device is a source of ions and electrons 5, 6. The preliminary experimental results have demonstrated that the new device can produce several focusing events in a plasma focus device. It is also called a highintensity plasma gun device hipgd, or just plasma gun. The dense plasma focus device has been recognized as an interesting radiation source, and specially as a plasma based neutron source via 2 h 2 h,n 3 he reactions, since its conception in the early days of fusion research mather 1971. In this manner, the point where the electrons hit the anode, generating gamma rays. Pdf images of the dense plasma focus phenomenon in the 2kj. Fusion reactions from 100kev ions in a dense plasma focus. Optimization of a dense plasma focus device as a light source. This is related to the work of lawrenceville plasma focus to develop cheap nuclear. Chapter 2 modified dense plasma focus for nanofabrication and characterization techniques 32 the operation of this device demands the central electrode to be at positive potential with respect to the outer electrode. Recent advancements in experiments and the theoretical understanding of this concept suggest favorable scaling of fusion power output yield as i42.
A dense plasma focus dpf is a machine that produces, by electromagnetic acceleration and compression, a shortlived plasma that is hot and dense enough to cause nuclear fusion and the emission of xrays and neutrons. The hot and dense plasma formed in modified dense plasma focus dpf device has been used worldwide for the nanofabrication of several materials. Besides thi s, it emits copious amount corresponding author. Review of results from the fnii dense plasma focus machine. Nanoparticles and nanostructured cobalt deposition using. The taper of the center electrode results in an enhanced azimuthal b field in the final region of the device, resulting in increased plasma velocity prior to the dense plasma focus. The uofsi dpf device is powered by a 5 f capacitor bank charged up to 20 kv with an optimum operating pressure of 100 200 mtorr argon gas. What is the dense plasma focus, and how does it work to achieve nuclear fusion.
Construction and physics of the dense plasma focus device. The electrodes are enclosed in a vacuum chamber with a low. Study of dense plasmasurface interaction by a filippov type. To enhance the efficiency of plasma focus device as a charged particle source, a new configuration of a dense plasma focus device with three electrodes has been designed and tested. Pdf current and perspective applications of dense plasma focus. Analysis of nitrogen ion beam produced in dense plasma. The deposition process of composite film using plasma focus device being operated with nitrogen as the working gas is as follow. The considerable increase of the hard xray emission is evident. Abstract since the initial demonstration of euv emission with xenon as a. Study of dense plasmasurface interaction by a filippov type plasma focus device. High energy and high fluence argon ions produced in dpf device have been used for the deposition of nanostructures and nanoparticles. Creation of a dense plasma focus device and its application in radiation material sciences for the.
The dense plasma focusdpf device has long been known to be an efficient source of neutrons from fusion reactions and of mevenergy ion and electron beams. Dense plasma focus from alternative fusion source to. Pdf dense plasma focus from alternative fusion source. Using numerical experiments based on the lee model in association with abdus salam ictpoea aaapt nu intiiu ntunie plasma radiation sources lab um plasma research lab utm. Internetbased plasma focus course on numerical experiments. When energetic particles interact with matter, electromagnetic radiations are emitted. Nanomaterials free fulltext dense plasma focusbased. Plasma focus neutron scaling laws from numerical experiments up to 25mj y n vs e 0 note y n e 0 2 at low e 0. Enhancement of charged particle emission from a plasma. Oct 27, 2016 the dense plasma focus, or dpf machines at the nnss are currently the largest and most powerful of their kind in the world. An apparatus for the formation of a dense plasma focus dpf has a center electrode formed about an axis, where the center electrode includes a cylindrical part and a tapered part. Simulation and characterization of a dense plasma focus device. Pdf dense plasma focus dpf devices applications, which are intended to support the main.
Induced fields interact with current to dynamically compress gas to thermonuclear temperatures. The dense plasma focus dpf device has long been considered a compact source for pulsed neutron and xray generation and has provided an. Analysis of nitrogen ion beam produced in dense plasma focus. At the first step, the calculation of magnetic field and tube inductance was improved to include the geometry of the rods forming the cathode. The dense plasma focus dpf, a coaxial plasma gun, utilizes pulsed high current electrical discharge to heat and compress the plasma to very high density and temperature with energy densities in. To promote the understanding of plasma focus devices. This is clear from the oscilloscope graphs shown below figure 5 and figure 6. A dense plasma focus dpf is a type of plasma generating system originally developed as a fusion power device starting in the early 1960s. Optimization of a dense plasma focus device as a light source for euv lithography igor v. Operation of nx2 dense plasma focus device with argon filling as a possible radiation source for micromachining article pdf available in ieee transactions on plasma science 303 july 2002.
A dense plasma focus device as a pulsed neutron source for. Chapter 2 modified dense plasma focus for nanofabrication. Variation of radiation emission with argon gas pressure in um. The dense plasma focus device enables fusion reactions. Measurements of the basic characteristics of the dense. The dense plasma focus dpf device is a pulsed capacitive discharge that utilizes the selfgenerated magnetic field for compressing the plasma to very high densities and high temperature and is a source of xrays, relativistic electrons, ions and neutrons. The ion beam emission and hard xray radiation pulses last longer than that is expected in a conventional plasma focus and. Synthesis of nanocrystalline zirconium aluminium oxynitride. Alikhanov institute for theoretical and experimental. Prospects for p11b fusion with the dense plasma focus.
Mather in the usa and has been studied by dozens of groups over. On the other hand, the high energy density pinch plasma in dpf device makes it a multiple radiation source of ions, electron, soft and hard xrays. Study of dense plasma surface interaction by a filippov type plasma focus device m. Chapter 2 modified dense plasma focus for nanofabrication and. The dense plasma focus dpf, a coaxial plasma gun, utilizes pulsed high current electrical discharge to heat and compress the plasma to very high. A dense plasma focus dpf also plasma gun is a plasma machine that produces, by electromagnetic acceleration and compression, shortlived plasma that is so hot and dense that it becomes a copious multiradiation source. Introduction the dense plasma focus device has been recognized as an interesting radiation source, and specially as a plasma based neutron source via 2h2h,n 3he reactions, since its conception in the early days of fusion research mather 1971. The dense plasma focus dpf background of present work the dpf is a compact and simple device first developed in the 1960s by n. Plasma rapidly expands against magnetic nozzle, generating thrust.
Mather in the usa and has been studied by dozens of groups over the last 45 years, resulting in a large and rich literature. Study of dense plasmasurface interaction by a filippov. Dense plasma focus as a novel high energy density pulsed. High energy and high fluence argon ions produced in dpf device have been used for. Soft xray optimization studies on a dense plasma focus device operated in neon and argon in repetitive mode d wong, a patran, tl tan, rs rawat, p lee ieee transactions on plasma science 32 6, 22272235, 2004. Experimental setup to clearly distinguish between the radiation from the anode end and that from the plasmoids, we used a cylindrical anode with 6cmdeep recess at the pinch end fig. First, an introduction dealing with a general discussion of plasma devices focusing on the role of a dense plasma focus device as a useful tool in future research. Dense plasma focus dpf device is a type of plasma accelerator that produces. Radiation characteristics of the fnii dense plasma focus device.
The dpf device has always been in the company of several alternative magnetic fusion devices as it produces intense fusion neutrons. One such device used is dense plasma focus dpf device. The dense plasma focus dpf, first invented in 1954, is far more compact and. They emit bursts of neutrons that are used in a variety of scientific. Enhancement of charged particle emission from a plasma focus. Measurements of the basic characteristics of the dense plasma.
Using the outer electrode helical structure an auxiliary axial b field is generated during the final acceleration region of the plasma, which reduces axial modal. Images of the dense plasma focus phenomenon in the 2kj paco device article pdf available in ieee transactions on plasma science 332. Design parameter space for a high pressure optimized dense. The dense plasma focus dpf, a coaxial plasma gun, utilizes pulsed high current electrical discharge to heat and compress the plasma to very high density and temperature with energy densities in the range of 110. The zpinchdense plasma focus method is an mif concept in which a column of gas is converted to plasma and then compressed to thermonuclear conditions by an axial current i100 ma. A dense plasma focus dpf is a machine that produces, by electromagnetic acceleration and compression, a shortlived plasma that is so hot and dense that it can cause nuclear fusion and emit xrays.
Investigation by the vlasovmaxwell equations and experiments hadi barati department of energy engineering and physics, amirkabir university of technology, tehran, iran. The lee mode code has been promoted for better simulation of the dense plasma focus dpf device. The dense plasma focus device is a source of xrays, neutrons, and beams of electrons and ions. Dense plasma focus ionbased titanium nitride coating on. The zpinch dense plasma focus method is an mif concept in which a column of gas is converted to plasma and then compressed to thermonuclear conditions by an axial current i100 ma. Optimization of a dense plasma focus device as a light. Electron temperatures have been measured in a 1 kj mathertype dense plasma focus device uofsi dpf with a hollow copper anode at the university of saskatchewan uofs plasma physics lab ppl. The physics derived from inertial confinement fusion icf hohlraum use is applicable in the case where the wall temperature exceeds 105 k, and the reemission flux is estimated for various flux levels.
Nov 12, 2009 what is the dense plasma focus, and how does it work to achieve nuclear fusion. Modeling a miniature denseplasma focus geometry and using a particleincell code to design a denseplasma focus device for the first time. Xray emission from dense plasma sequential focus device. Plasma chamber with input flanges plasma chamber of dpf device consists of coaxial copper electrode assembly, glass insulating sleeve in between the electrodes, two viewing ports, gas inlet, pressure gauge. A denseplasma focus device as a compact neutron source.
The dense plasma focus device dpf, or just plasma focus device what it is and how it works. Chapter 2 modified dense plasma focus for nanofabrication and characterization techniques 30 2. From these calculations, the wall temperature and ablation rate can be calculated. Dense plasma focus device, namely, nanosecond time duration of neutron and hard xray radiation pulses and their very high brightness, to test and develop different detection methods based on pulsed fast neutron analysis pfna concept where elastically and inelastically scattered pulses of neutrons are used simultaneously with xray. Pdf radiation characteristics of the fnii dense plasma. The system demonstrated scaling laws that suggested it would not be useful in the commercial power role, and since the 1980s it has been used primarily as a fusion teaching system, and as a source of neutrons and xrays.
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